In the 10th century, writings from an Arabian scholar Hassan ibn Hassan (also known as Ibn al Haitam) describe what is now known as a camera obscura. A camera obscura is simply a dark box in which light rays from a scene pass through a small hole or lens to create an upside-down image. Early models were as large as rooms but improvements to portability and image quality have been made over the past centuries.
In the 1600s, a lens replaced the hole and produced sharper and brighter images. The lens can restrict the size of the camera obscura because the size of the lens dictates the focal length of the image. The more detail and brightness you want, the larger the diameter of the lens must be to obtain the image.
I made my camera obscura out of wood with a small pinhole opposite a frosted glass plate. When held up to light, the image can be seen projected upside-down onto the glass plate. The lens I used was a magnifying glass. The lens allows more light into the camera and provides a brighter, clearer image. 
camera obscura on BBC!
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